The International Day of Women and Girls in Science: Empowering Women in STEM

The International Day of Women and Girls in Science, observed annually on February 11, is a global commitment to advancing gender equality in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Established by the United Nations General Assembly through resolution 70/212 on December 22, 2015, this day emphasises the significance of women’s full and equal participation in scientific pursuits. This article delves into the background, challenges, and commendable efforts surrounding the commemoration of this vital day.

Challenges Encountered by Women

Historically, women have faced underrepresentation in science and technology, confronting persistent challenges in pursuing STEM careers. While the 1960s to the 1980s witnessed a gradual increase in women obtaining science and engineering degrees, progress plateaued from the 1980s onwards. Social barriers, including societal expectations for women in the home, early marriage, and discriminatory practices in the labour market, have impeded women’s access to education and careers in STEM, particularly in developing regions like Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean.

Contemporary Challenges and Regional Disparities

In the present day, social barriers to female participation persist, manifested as pervasive gender biases. Studies in the United Kingdom reveal that after the compulsory participation age, girls are less likely to be encouraged to study physics. Regional differences also contribute to disparities, with the United States experiencing lower enrollment and attraction to scientific education, while the Arab world witnesses high enrollment but faces career and social barriers hindering further participation.

United Nations Resolution

Addressing these challenges, the United Nations took a significant step by adopting resolution 70/212, designating February 11 as the International Day of Women and Girls in Science. This resolution aligns with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, emphasising the goals of quality education and gender equality. UNESCO and UN Women have taken the lead in implementing this day, collaborating with governments, intergovernmental organisations, civil society, universities, and corporations to promote and celebrate women’s contributions to scientific fields.

Annual Themes

Each year, the United Nations convenes the International Day of Women and Girls in Science Assembly, bringing together representatives from member states, international organisations, the private sector, and leading scientists. Co-sponsored by various nations, the assembly centres around a central theme, guiding discussions and initiatives for the year.

Annual Themes of the International Day of Women and Girls in Science

2016: “Transforming the World: Parity in Science”

2017: “Gender, Science and Sustainable Development: The Impact of Media – From Vision to Action”

2018: “Equality and Parity in Science for Peace and Development”

2019: “Investment in Women and Girls in Science for Inclusive Green Growth”

2020: “Equality in Science, Technology and Innovation: Global Trends and Challenges”

2021: “Beyond the Borders: Equality in Science for Society”

2022: “Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Water Unites Us”

2023: “Innovate. Demonstrate. Elevate. Advance. Sustain. IDEAS: Bringing Everyone Forward for Sustainable and Equitable Development.”

For 2024, the main theme for the 9th International Day of Women and Girls in Science Assembly is: “Women and Girls in Science Leadership, a New Era for Sustainability,” with the subtheme: “Think Science … Think Peace.”

Conclusion

The International Day of Women and Girls in Science serves as a poignant reminder of the progress made in achieving gender equality in STEM fields and the ongoing challenges that demand collective efforts to overcome. Through annual commemorations, focused themes, and collaborative initiatives, the global community continues to champion the cause, inspiring future generations of women and girls to pursue and excel in scientific pursuits. As we celebrate this day, it is crucial to reflect on our achievements and reaffirm our commitment to fostering an inclusive and equitable environment for women and girls in science.